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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(5): 357-365, Jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011344

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and by the larvae of Taenia solium (i.e., cysticercosis) are still widespread in many developing countries. Both pathologies modify host immune status and it is possible that HIV infection may modulate the frequency and pathogeny of cysticercosis of the central nervous system (i.e., neurocysticercosis [NCC]). Objective: To describe published cases of NCC among HIV-positive patients and to evaluate whether the characteristics of NCC, including frequency, symptoms, radiological appearance, and response to treatment differed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Methods: Forty cases of NCC/HIV co-infected patients were identified in the literature. Clinical and radiological characteristics, as well as response to treatment, were compared with non-matching historical series of NCC patients without HIV infection. Results: Most of these patients had seizures and multiple vesicular parasites located in parenchyma. Clinical and radiological characteristics were similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with NCC, as well as between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: Our review did not reveal clear interactions between HIV and NCC. This may be partially due to the small number of cases and reliance on published research. A systematic, multi-institutional effort aiming to report all the cases of this dual pathology is needed to confirm this finding and to clarify the possible relationship between both pathogens.


RESUMO Las infecciones causadas por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y la larva de la Tenia solium siguen estando diseminadas en países en vías de desarrollo. Ambas patologías modifican el estado inmune y es posible que la infección por el VIH module la frecuencia y la patología de la neurocisticercosis (NCC). Objetivo: Describir los casos publicados de NCC en los pacientes VIH positivos y evaluar si las características de la NCC, incluyendo frecuencia, síntomas, presentación radiológica, respuesta a tratamiento, difieren entre los sujetos VIH positivos y VIH negativos. Métodos: Cuarenta casos con coinfección NCC/VIH fueron identificados en la literatura. Se compararon sus características clínico-radiológicas, así como su respuesta al tratamiento con diferentes series de casos históricos no pareados. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes NCC/VIH tenían epilepsia y múltiples parásitos vesiculares en el parénquima. Las características clínico-radiológicas de la NCC así como la evolución de los pacientes fueron similares entre pacientes VIH positivos y negativos, así como entre pacientes VIH inmunocomprometidos y no inmunocomprometidos. Conclusión: No encontramos interacciones claras entre VIH y NCC. Este resultado puede haber sido influenciado por el pequeño número de casos y la parcialidad de la información publicada. Un esfuerzo multiinstitucional, sistemático encaminado a reportar todos los casos de esta patología dual es necesario para confirmar estos resultados y esclarecer la relación entre patógenos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Neurocysticercosis/etiology , Coinfection/immunology , Coinfection/therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/therapy , Treatment Outcome , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/therapy , Immunocompetence
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(5): 339-345, May 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950537

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the parasitic infections that most affects the central nervous system. The knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology needs broadening. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as the NCC experimental model. The aim of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the in situ cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intracranially with viable T. crassiceps cysticerci. The histopathology analysis showed cysticerci in the extraparenchymal and intraventricular region, mononuclear inflammatory infiltration surrounding the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the in situ immune profiles showed a predominance of the Th2 response. The IL-4 and IL-10 dosages were significantly increased in the infected group. The decrease in the INF-gamma dosage reflects the immunomodulation from the cysticerci. In conclusion, a T. crassiceps NCC infection in C57BL/6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type in situ profile, with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, meningitis and microgliosis.


RESUMO Neurocisticercose (NCC) é uma das doenças parasitárias que mais afeta o sistema nervoso central. É necessário aprofundar o conhecimento em relação à sua imunopatogênese e patofisiologia. Os cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps são utilizados como modelo experimental para estudos da NCC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os processos patológicos gerais e o perfil de citocinas in situ em camundongos C57BL/6 inoculados via intracerebral com cisticercos viáveis de T. crassiceps. A análise histopatológica demonstrou cisticercos nas regiões extra-parenquimatosa e intraventricular, infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares ao redor do parasita, microgliose e meningite. A análise in situ do perfil de citocinas mostrou uma predominância da resposta Th2. As dosagens de IL-4 e IL-10 foram significativamente maiores no grupo infectado. Conclui-se que a NCC por T. crassiceps em camundongos C57BL/6 induz uma resposta inflamatória com predominância in situ de citocinas do perfil Th2, com infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares, meningite e microgliose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Interleukin-4/blood , Interferon-gamma/blood , Interleukin-10/blood , Th2 Cells/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Taenia/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Interleukin-4/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Interleukin-10/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred C57BL
3.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 30(3): 446-454, jul.-sep. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-688045

ABSTRACT

Taenia solium es un helminto aplanado responsable de la teniosis y de la cisticercosis humana, siendo esta última producida por el consumo de huevos infectivos. Los cisticercos pueden desarrollarse en diferentes tejidos del hombre, frecuentemente en el sistema nervioso central causando la neurocisticercosis (NCC). Para el diagnóstico de la NCC se requiere de una adecuada interpretación de datos clínicos, resultados de neuroimagen y pruebas serológicas. Sin embargo, las pruebas serológicas podrían mejorarse con el desarrollo de antígenos candidatos capaces de incrementar su sensibilidad y especificidad. En los últimos años se han descrito una serie de proteínas de superficie y de secreción de T. solium esenciales para la interacción parásito-hospedero. Una de estas familias son las cisteínoproteasas catepsinas L, las cuales cumplen un rol preponderante para el desarrollo y supervivencia del parásito, participando en la invasión tisular, la evasión de la respuesta inmune, el desenquistamiento y enquistamiento del cisticerco. Son consideradas como antígenos potenciales para el inmunodiagnóstico de la neurocisticercosis.


Taenia solium is a plane helminth responsible for taeniasis and human cysticercosis, the latter being the result of the consumption of infective eggs. Cysticerci can develop in different human tissues, often in the central nervous system, causing neurocysticercosis (NCC). For the diagnosis of NCC, an adequate interpretation of clinical data, neuroimaging results and serological tests are required. However, serological tests could be improved by developing candidate antigens able to increase their sensibility and specificity. In the last years, a series of surface and secretory proteins of T. solium essential for the parasite-host interaction have been described. One of these families is cathepsin L cysteine proteases, which have a predominant role in the development and survival of the parasite. They take part in the tissue invasion, immune response evasion, excystation and encystment of cysticercus. They are considered potential antigens for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cathepsin L/physiology , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Taenia solium/pathogenicity , Cathepsin L/analysis , Immunologic Tests , Taenia solium/enzymology , Taenia solium/immunology
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(3): 368-375, maio 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676972

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to analyse Taenia solium metacestode antigens that were derived from the unbound fraction of jacalin affinity chromatography and subsequent tert-octylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) ethanol Triton X-114 (TX-114) partitioning in the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis (NCC). Immunoassays were designed to detect T. solium-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and immunoblot. Serum samples were collected from 132 individuals who were categorised as follows: 40 had NCC, 62 presented Taenia spp or other parasitic diseases and 30 were healthy individuals. The jacalin-unbound (J unbound ) fraction presented higher sensitivity and specificity rates than the jacalin-bound fraction and only this fraction was subjected to subsequent TX-114 partitioning, resulting in detergent (DJ unbound ) and aqueous (AJ unbound ) fractions. The ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 84.8% for J unbound , 92.5% and 93.5% for DJ unbound and 82.5% and 82.6% for AJ unbound . By immunoblot, the DJ unbound fraction showed 100% sensitivity and specificity and only serum samples from patients with NCC recognised the 50-70 kDa T. solium-specific components. We conclude that the DJ unbound fraction can serve as a useful tool for the differential immunodiagnosis of NCC by immunoblot.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth , Taenia solium/immunology , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, Affinity , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoblotting , Immunologic Tests/methods , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(2): 106-109, Feb. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-663915

ABSTRACT

In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standardized with vesicular fluid of Taenia solium cysticerci was used to screen for IgG (total and subclasses) and IgE antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurocysticercosis showing intrathecal production of specific IgG antibodies and patients with other neurological disorders. The following results were obtained: IgG-ELISA: 100% sensitivity (median of the ELISA absorbances (MEA)=1.17) and 100% specificity; IgG1-ELISA: 72.7% sensitivity (MEA=0.49) and 100% specificity; IgG2-ELISA: 81.8% sensitivity (MEA=0.46) and 100% specificity; IgG3-ELISA: 63.6% sensitivity (MEA=0.12) and 100% specificity; IgG4-ELISA: 90.9% sensitivity (MEA=0.85) and 100% specificity; IgE-ELISA 93.8% sensitivity (MEA=0.60) and 100% specificity. There were no significant differences between the sensitivities and specificities in the detection of IgG-ELISA and IgE-ELISA, although in CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis the MEA of the IgG-ELISA was significantly higher than that of the IgE-ELISA. The sensitivity and MEA values of the IgG4-ELISA were higher than the corresponding values for the other IgG subclasses. Future studies should address the contribution of IgG4 and IgE antibodies to the physiopathology of neurocysticercosis.


No presente estudo, uma reação imunoenzimática (ELISA) padronizada com o fluido vesicular de cisticercos de Taenia solium foi utilizada para avaliar as respostas de anticorpos anti-cisticercos IgG (total e subclasses) e IgE em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com neurocisticercose apresentando produção intratecal de anticorpos específicos IgG e pacientes com outras desordens neurológicas. Os seguintes resultados foram obtidos: ELISA-IgG: 100% de sensibilidade (mediana das absorbâncias das reações ELISA (MAE)=1,17) e especificidade 100%; ELISA-IgG1: sensibilidade 72,7% (MAE=0,49) e especificidade 100%; ELISA-IgG2: sensibilidade 81,8% (MAE=0,46) e especificidade 100%; ELISA-IgG3: sensibilidade 63,6% (MAE=0,12) e especificidade 100%; ELISA-IgG4: sensibilidade 90,9% (MAE=0,85) e especificidade 100%; ELISA-IgE: sensibilidade 93,8% (MAE=0,60) e especificidade 100%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as sensibilidades e especificidades das reações ELISA-IgG e ELISA-IgE, embora a MAE da reação ELISA-IgG em amostras de LCR de pacientes com neurocisticercose tenha sido significativamente maior que a obtida com ELISA-IgE. Os valores de sensibilidade e MAE da reação ELISA-IgG4 foram maiores que os valores correspondentes para as outras subclasses da IgG. Estudos futuros deverão abordar a contribuição dos anticorpos IgG4 e IgE na fisiopatologia da neurocisticercose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibody Specificity/immunology , Cysticercus/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Sensitivity and Specificity , Taenia solium/immunology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(3): 470-474, June 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-592505

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of two antigenic preparations (vesicular fluid - VF and a glycoprotein fraction, LLa-Gp fraction, purified from a whole parasite extract by lentil lectin affinity chromatography) from Taenia solium cysticerci for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis. METHOD: Fifty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (22 from patients with neurocysticercosis and 34 from patients with other neurological disorders) and 57 serum samples (22 from patients with neurocysticercosis, 18 from patients with other infections and 17 from presumably healthy persons) were assayed for anticysticercal IgG antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The VF ELISA showed 100 percent sensitivity and specificity in CSF and serum samples, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the LLa-Gp ELISA were, respectively, 90.9 percent and 97.1 percent, with the CSF samples and 95.5 percent and 100 percent with serum samples. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity of the two antigenic preparations used to screen CSF and serum samples. CONCLUSION: Considering the complexity and high cost of obtaining the LLa-Gp fraction, VF could be more suitable for screening specific antibodies by ELISA in CSF and serum samples from patients with neurocysticercosis.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho de duas preparações antigênicas (líquido vesicular - LV e uma fração glicoprotéica, fração LL a-Gp, purificada do extrato total dos parasitas por cromatografia de afinidade com lentil lectina) de cisticercos de Taenia solium para o imunodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose. MÉTODO: Cinquenta e seis amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) (22 de pacientes com neurocisticercose e 34 de pacientes com outras doenças neurológicas) e 57 amostras de soro (22 de pacientes com neurocisticercose, 18 de pacientes com outras infecções e 17 de pessoas presumivelmente sadias) foram analisadas quanto à presença de anticorpos IgG anti-cisticercos com uma reação imunoenzimática (ELISA). RESULTADOS: A reação ELISA LV apresentou 100 por cento de sensibilidade e especificidade em amostras de LCR e soro, enquanto a sensibilidade e a especificidade da reação ELISA LLa-Gp em amostras de LCR e soro foram de 90,9 por cento e 97,1 por cento e 95,5 por cento e 100 por cento, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na sensibilidade e especificidade das duas preparações antigênicas utilizadas, tanto para amostras de LCR como para amostras de soro. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando a complexidade e o alto custo de obtenção da fração LLa-Gp, o LV pode ser mais adequado para a pesquisa de anticorpos específicos por ELISA em amostras de LCR e soro de pacientes com neurocisticercose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Antigens, Helminth , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Taenia solium/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, Affinity , Cyst Fluid/immunology , Cysticercus/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Glycoproteins/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Plant Lectins/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(4): 185-189, July-Aug. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-524372

ABSTRACT

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) has attained the importance of one of the most common cause of focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Adequate data regarding the rate of this co-infection is lacking. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cysticercosis among HIV patients residing in Puducherry or its neighboring districts of Tamil Nadu State, India. A total of one hundred blood samples were collected from HIV seropositive cases visiting JIPMER hospital, Puducherry, between June 2007 and May 2008. Enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to demonstrate anti- T. solium larval stage antibodies and Co-agglutination (Co-A) test was used to detect T. solium larval stage antigens in sera. Two HIV seropositive cases were found positive for anti-T. solium larval stage antibody by EITB and four were positive by ELISA. Only one sample was positive by both EITB and ELISA. No serum sample was found positive for T. solium larval stage antigen by Co-A test. The overall seropositivity detected by all the methods was 5 percent in this study group. The accurate clinical diagnosis of NCC in HIV is difficult due to deranged immunological parameters in the HIV infected patients. The results of this study provides important data on the prevalence of cysticercosis in HIV positive patients in Puducherry and neighboring areas which was previously unknown. This study will also increase awareness among physicians and public health agencies about T. solium cysticercosis in the selected group.


Neurocisticercose (NCC) tem alcançado a importância de uma das mais comuns causas de lesões focais no cérebro em pacientes infectados pelo HIV (vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida). Dados adequados relativos à frequencia desta co-infecção estão faltando. Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a prevalência da cisticercose entre pacientes com HIV residindo em Puducherry ou distritos vizinhos do Estado de Tamil Nadu, India. Um total de cem amostras foram coletadas de casos soropositivos do Hospital JIPMER, Puducherry, entre junho de 2007 e maio de 2008. "Enzyme immunotransfer blot" (EITB) e ELISA foram utilizados para demonstrar anticorpos contra a fase larval do T. solium. Testes de co-aglutinação (Co-a) foram usados para demonstrar antígenos da fase larval do T. solium no soro. Dois casos HIV soropositivos foram positivos para anticorpos contra a fase larval do T. solium por EITB e quatro foram positivos por ELISA. Somente uma amostra foi positiva por ambos EITB e ELISA. Nenhuma amostra de soro foi positiva para antígeno da fase larval do T. solium pelo teste Co-a. A soropositividade total detectada por todos os métodos foi 5 por cento neste grupo de estudo. O diagnóstico clínico exato de NCC em HIV é difícil devido aos desordenados parâmetros imunológicos nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem dados importantes sobre a prevalência da cisticercose em pacientes HIV positivos em Puducherry e áreas vizinhas que eram previamente desconhecidos. Este estudo também aumentará a atenção dos médicos e agências de saúde pública sobre a cisticercose por T. solium em grupo selecionado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/blood , Brain Diseases/parasitology , HIV Infections/complications , Neurocysticercosis/epidemiology , Taenia solium/immunology , Agglutination Tests , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Blotting, Western , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , India/epidemiology , Neurocysticercosis/blood , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
João Pessoa; UFPB. Monitoria de Parasitologia; 2008. ^c18m:23s.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-745465

ABSTRACT

Visa, de modo lúdico, trazer esclarecimentos a respeito da verdadeira forma de contágio para neurocisticercose de forma que a população passa se prevenir de forma consciente e eficiente contra esta parasitose...


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Hygiene , Health Education , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/prevention & control , Neurocysticercosis/therapy , Taenia solium/immunology , Taenia solium/pathogenicity , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Neurocysticercosis/etiology , Neurocysticercosis/physiopathology
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 49(5): 331-334, Sept.-Oct. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467375

ABSTRACT

Chronic meningitism is a less frequent manifestation of neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium cysticerci. In the present study we used Co-agglutination (Co-A), a simple and rapid slide agglutination test to detect specific Cysticercus antigen in the 67 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with chronic meningitis of unknown etiology. The results were compared with that of ELISA for detection of antibodies. Among these samples four (5.97 percent) were positive for Cysticercus antigen by Co-A test and six (8.95 percent) were positive for antibodies by ELISA. Two samples were positive by both Co-A and ELISA, two were positive only by Co-A and four were positive only by ELISA. In the present study, although Cysticercus antigen and antibodies were present in CSF samples from eight (11.94 percent) patients, we cannot affirm that all the cases of chronic meningitis are due to cysticercosis, but for any case of chronic meningitis of unknown origin, it would be useful to consider the possibility of cysticercal meningitis.


Meningite crônica é manifestação pouco freqüente de neurocisticercose causada por cisticerco de Taenia solium. No presente estudo utilizamos co-aglutinação (Co-A) um teste simples e rápido de aglutinação para detectar antígeno específico de Cysticercus nas 67 amostras de fluido cerebrospinal (CSF) de pacientes com meningite crônica de etiologia desconhecida. Os resultados foram comparados com os de ELISA para detecção de anticorpos. Dentre estas amostras quatro (5,97 por cento) foram positivas para antígenos de Cysticercus pelo teste Co-A e seis (8,95 por cento) foram positivas para anticorpos por ELISA. Duas amostras foram positivas por ambos Co-A e ELISA, duas foram positivas somente por Co-A e quatro foram positivas somente por ELISA. No presente estudo embora antígenos e anticorpos de Cysticercus estivessem presentes nas amostras de CSF de oito pacientes (11,94 por cento), não podemos afirmar que todos os casos de meningite crônica sejam devidos à cisticercose, mas para qualquer caso de meningite crônica de origem desconhecida seria útil considerar a possibilidade de meningite por cisticerco.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Antigens, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis/parasitology , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Agglutination Tests , Chronic Disease , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Meningitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Neurocysticercosis/immunology
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(2): 163-169, mar.-abr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452616

ABSTRACT

Crude antigen and semi-purified proteins from scolices of Taenia solium cysticerci were evaluated for the immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis neurocysticercosis. Semi-purified proteins obtained by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and by electroelution were tested by means of the immunoenzymatic reaction against sera from normal individuals and from patients with neurocysticercosis or other parasitic diseases. The 100kDa protein provided 100 percent sensitivity and specificity in the immunodiagnosis. When 95 or 26kDa proteins were used, 95 and 100 percent sensitivity and specificity were obtained, respectively. The assays involving crude antigen and sera from normal individuals or from patients with neurocysticercosis, diluted to 1:256, gave excellent agreement with those in which 100, 95 or 26kDa proteins were tested against the same serum samples diluted to 1:64. (Kappa: 0.95 to 1.00). Crude scolex antigen may be useful for serological screening, while 100, 95 or 26kDa protein can be used in confirmatory tests on neurocysticercosis-positive cases.


Antígeno bruto e proteínas semipurificadas de escóleces de cisticercos de Taenia solium foram avaliados para o imunodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose humana neurocisticercose. As proteínas semipurificadas, obtidas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e eletroeluição, foram testadas na reação imunoenzimática contra soros de indivíduos normais e de pacientes com neurocisticercose ou outras parasitoses. A proteína de 100kDa proporcionou 100 por cento de sensibilidade e especificidade no imunodiagnóstico. Quando a proteína de 95 ou 26kDa foi empregada, foram obtidos 95 e 100 por cento de sensibilidade e especificidade, respectivamente. Os ensaios envolvendo antígeno bruto e soros de indivíduos normais ou de pacientes com neurocisticercose, diluídos a 1:256, tiveram ótima concordância com aqueles onde a proteína de 100, 95 ou 25kDa foi testada contra os mesmas amostras de soro diluídas a 1:64 (Kappa: 0,95 a 1,00). O antígeno bruto de escolex poderá ser empregado na triagem sorológica enquanto a proteína de 100, 95 ou 26kDa nos testes confirmatórios dos casos positivos de NC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth , Cysticercus/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Protozoan Proteins , Taenia solium/immunology , Cross Reactions , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification , Sensitivity and Specificity , Swine
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(1): 55-59, mar. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-425272

ABSTRACT

Avaliar se os parâmetros do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) podem influenciar na reatividade da resposta imune específica do LCR na neurocisticercose (NC). Amostras de LCR de 109 pacientes foram analisadas e classificadas em três grupos, de acordo com as manifestações neurológicas e reatividade do teste de Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR. Grupo A, 18 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas compatíveis com NC e reatividade do teste Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR; grupo B, 50 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas não compatíveis com NC e reatividade do teste Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR; grupo C, 41 pacientes com enfermidades neurológicas não compatíveis com NC e na ausência de reatividade do teste de Ab-ELISA para NC no LCR. A análise do LCR do grupo A foi compatível com NC. O grupo B apresentou maior freqüência e intensidade da pleocitose, da presença de hemácias no LCR, hiperproteinorraquia, reatividade imune para outros agentes etiológicos em comparação aos grupos A e C (p<0.05). Os dados indicam que o processo inflamatório e os elevados níveis de concentração da proteína no LCR podem influenciar na ocorrência de reações falso positivas de Ab-ELISA para NC. Destacamos a importância da correlação clínico-laboratorial para o diagnóstico de neurocisticercose e o uso de testes laboratoriais confirmatórios.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Antigens, Helminth/analysis , Cysticercus/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(1): 129-135, Jan. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419155

ABSTRACT

The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NC) are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as on the host immune response. Symptoms usually occur in NC when cysticerci enter a degenerative course associated with an inflammatory response. The expression of brain damage markers may be expected to increase during this phase. S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and released predominantly by astrocytes that has been used as a marker of reactive gliosis and astrocytic death in many pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of S100B in patients in different phases of NC evolution. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum S100B concentrations were measured in 25 patients with NC: 14 patients with degenerative cysts (D), 8 patients with viable cysts (V) and 3 patients with inactive cysts. All NC patients, except 1, had five or less cysts. In most of them, symptoms had been present for at least 1 month before sample collection. Samples from 8 normal controls (C) were also assayed. The albumin quotient was used to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability. There were no significant differences in serum (P = 0.5) or cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.91) S100B levels among the V, D, and C groups. These findings suggest that parenchymal changes associated with a relatively small number of degenerating cysts probably have a negligible impact on glial tissue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Nerve Growth Factors/blood , Nerve Growth Factors/classification , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , /blood , /classification , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Neurocysticercosis/blood , Neurocysticercosis/classification
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3B): 756-760, set. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384120

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: (1) Determinar a concentração de antígenos de Taenia no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) em doentes com neurocisticercose; (2) estudar sua relação com a atividade clínica da doença e com as variáveis clássicas do LCR. MÉTODO: Em 36 pacientes com diagnóstico definido de neurocisticercose foi realizado exame do LCR, com estudo citológico e citomorfológico, exame bioquímico, reações imunológicas para cisticercose e detecção de antígenos de Taenia. Os anticorpos para detecção desses antígenos foram obtidos a partir da forma larvar da Taenia crassiceps, cepa ORF. Após a inoculação e proliferação intraperitoneal dessa forma larvária em ratas, foi imunizado um grupo de coelhos com seu líquido vesicular. RESULTADOS: Em 17 pacientes (47,2%) foi detectado antígeno de Taenia, especialmente naqueles com manifestação epiléptica nos últimos 12 meses. CONCLUSÃO: A detecção de antígeno de Taenia guarda relação significativa com a vigência de formas clinicamente ativas, sendo, nestas formas, marcador mais sensível que a eosinofilorraquia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Rabbits , Antigens, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Taenia/immunology , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 42(2): 67-70, Mar.-Apr. 2000. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-256387

ABSTRACT

Neurocysticercosis (NC), the presence of Taenia solium metacestodes in tissues, is the most frequent and severe parasitic infection of the central nervous system. We investigated the presence of total IgE by an automated chemiluminescence assay in 53 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with NC (P) and in 40 CSF samples from individuals with other neurological disorders as the control group (C). Total IgE concentration ranged from 1.2 to 6.6 IU/ml (mean = 1.4 IU/ml, standard deviation-sd = 1.1 IU/ml) in 28.3 per cent of CSF samples from the P group, a value significantly higher than for the C group (< or = 1.0 IU/ml). The serum samples from the P group showed concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2330.0 IU/ml (mean = 224.1 IU/ml, sd = 452.1 IU/ml), which were higher than the normal value cited by the manufacturer (<100.0 IU/ml) in 32.1 per cent of the samples. A significant difference was observed in CSF samples from the P and C groups (p = 0.005) and in serum samples from the P group compared to the normal value (p = 0.005), with sera showing more frequent abnormal results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin E/cerebrospinal fluid , Luminescent Measurements
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(1): 18-24, mar. 2000. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-255059

ABSTRACT

We assayed samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and saliva from patients with neurocysticercoses, control group and individuals with other parasitoses, by ELISA with Taenia crassiceps vesicular fluid antigen (Tcra) and Taenia solium total antigen (Tso) for the detection of antibodies. The sensitivity for IgG-Tcra was 100 per cent for CSF and serum, and 32.0 per cent for saliva; and for IgG-Tso 100 per cent for CSF, 80.0 per cent for serum and 24 per cent for saliva. Specificity was 100 per cent for CSF and 80.0 per cent for serum with both antigens, and 100 per cent for saliva with Tcra and 87.5 per cent with Tso. The sensitivity and specificity for IgA-Tcra was, respectively, 40.0 per cent and 100 per cent for CSF, 36.0 per cent and 97.1 per cent for serum, and 4.0 per cent and 90.0 per cent for saliva. IgE detection showed 24.0 per cent sensitivity and 97.1 per cent specificity for serum, with no detection in CSF samples. The search for antibodies revealed the presence of IgG > IgA > IgE in CSF, serum and saliva samples, with IgG being present in all phases of the disease, while IgA/IgE were more frequent in the inactive form.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/isolation & purification , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Taenia/immunology , Antibody Formation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Saliva/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 35(6): 153-8, nov.-dez. 1999.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277434

ABSTRACT

A neurocisticercose é a parasitose mais importante do Sistema Nervoso Central. A resposta imune celular do hospedeiro frente ao parasita da cisticercose tem sido exaustivamente estudada através de infecçäo experimental em animais com interesse na compreensäo da relaçäo parasita-hospedeiro. Os resultados revelam uma alteraçäo no balanço das células T auxiliares CD4+ através da up-regulaçäo de Th2 e down-regulaçäo de Th1 localizada nas proximidades do parasita, exibindo uma resposta imune Th2-like, benéfica para a sobrevida do parasita. A imunidade humoral tem sido investigada para a detecçäo de anticorpos específicos anti-Cysticercus cellulosae no líquido cefalorraquidiano, considerada um dos elementos de importância no diagnóstico da infecçäo. Os autores revisam os principais eventos da resposta imunológica celular e humoral que estäo presentes na neurocisticercose e os métodos imunológicos utilizados para o seu diagnóstico laboratorial


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Antibody Formation , Autoimmunity , Cysticercus/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Immunologic Tests , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/immunology
17.
Santafé de Bogotá; s.n; 1999. 66 p. ilus.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278193

ABSTRACT

La cisticercosis humana es una parasitosis causada por T. solium la cual posee una alta prevalencia en aíses en desarrollo constituyéndose en un problema de salud pública, y en donde la neurocisticosis (NCC) es su forma más grave ya que compromete el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Debido a que las técnicas desarrolladas para el inmunodiagnóstico de NCC presentan problemas de sensibilidad y especificidad, en éste estudio se desarrollo un método analítico sensible para la identificación de antígenos específicos de cisticerco de T. solium reconocidos por líquidos cefalorraquídeos (LCRs) de pacientes con (NCC). La identificación de un número definido de antígenos de T. solium potenciales para el inmunodiagnóstico permitiría posteriormente la purificación de proteínas para el desarrollo de técnicas inmunodiagnósticas. Los antígenos presentes en LIV de cisticerco, fueron modificados químicamente empleando Biotina-NHS (Biotin-Amido-Caproato-N-hidroxisuccinimida éster) seguido por una inmunoprecipitación utiliando LCR. Los complejos antígeno-anticuerpo fueron capturados empleando agarosa anti IgG humana y posteriormente, las proteínas resueltas por electroforesis, seguida de transferencia a papel de nitrocelulosa. Los antígenos biotinilados, fueron reconocidos utilizando estreptavidina conjugada a fosfatasa alcalina y la reacción se visualizó empleando el sustrato NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium) y BCIP (4-cloro-5-bromo-4cloro-3-indolyl phospahate) (Sigma). Se identificaron 5 polipeptidos principales de 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 35 kDa y 24 kDa por el ensayo de inmunoprecipitación. Los polipéptidos de 100 kDa, 50 kDa y 24 kDa dueron reconocidos por LCRs de pacientes clínica y serológicamente positivos por ELISA para NCC (94 por ciento, 94 por ciento y 78 por ciento respectivamente), además éstos antígenos fueron reconocidos por LCRs de pacientes con otras neuropatologías de SNC (94 por ciento, 76 por ciento y 47 por ciento respectivamente) e igualmente por LCRs de pacientes sospechosos clínicamente pero serológicamente negativos por ELISA para NCC (21 por ciento, 24 por ciento, y 13 por ciento respectivamente). Los antígenos de 70 kDa fueron reconocidos por el 86 por ciento y 90 por ciento respectivamente, de los LCRs de pacientes clínica y serológicamente positivos por ELISA para NCC. Estos antígenos no fueron reconocidos por LCRs de pacientes con otras neuropatologías del SNC. Sin embargo,...


Subject(s)
Cysticercus/immunology , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Taenia/immunology , Taenia/pathogenicity , Antigen-Antibody Complex/isolation & purification
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